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ADHD & Women: More Than Just Focus Problems

Updated: Oct 15



Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is often thought of as a problem with focus, but it's much more complex than that, especially for women (Bijlenga et al., 2017; Kamath, 2020; Owen et al., 2013). While both men and women can have ADHD, women often experience it differently, with symptoms like anxiety and emotional overwhelm being more common (Quinn & Wigal, 2014; Waite, 2010).


Sensory Sensitivities: A Hidden Struggle

One key aspect of ADHD in women is sensory modulation difficulties, which means they can be overly sensitive or under-sensitive to things like sounds, textures, or lights (Quinn & Wigal, 2014; Waite, 2010). Imagine being constantly bombarded by noises that others barely notice, or feeling overwhelmed by bright lights or scratchy clothes. This can make everyday life incredibly challenging and contribute to anxiety and other mental health issues (Hintikka et al., 2006).


Misunderstood and Misdiagnosed

Unfortunately, ADHD in women is often missed or misdiagnosed, partly because their symptoms can be less obvious than the hyperactivity often seen in boys (Quinn & Madhoo, 2014; Waite, 2010). This can lead to women feeling misunderstood and struggling for years without getting the help they need.


The Importance of the Right Support

It's crucial for women with ADHD to receive proper diagnosis and treatment that addresses their unique challenges, including sensory sensitivities (Waite, 2010). Therapy can be incredibly helpful, both individually and in groups. Individual therapy can provide a safe space to explore sensory challenges and develop coping strategies, while group therapy offers connection and support from others who understand (Gutman, 2020; Skliarova, 2024).


Breaking the Stigma

By raising awareness about the unique experiences of women with ADHD, we can help break the stigma and ensure they get the support they deserve. Remember, ADHD is not a one-size-fits-all diagnosis, and understanding the role of sensory sensitivities is key to helping women thrive.



 

References

 

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Bijlenga D, Tjon-Ka-Jie JYM, Schuijers F, Kooij JJS (2017). Atypical sensory profiles as core features of adult ADHD, irrespective of autistic symptoms. European Psychiatry, 43:51-57. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.481

 

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Gutman, S. A., Balasubramanian, S., Herzog, M., Kim, E., Swirnow, H., Retig, Y., & Wolff, S. (2020). Effectiveness of a Tailored Intervention for Women With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and ADHD Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Study. The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 74(1).https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2020.033316

 

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Hintikka, J., Haavisto, A., Jokela, M., & Aronen, E. T. (2006). Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among adults with ADHD: A nationwide register-based study. Archives of Suicide Research, 10(1), 71-81.

 

Kamath, M. S., Dahm, C. R., Tucker, J. R., Huang-Pollock, C. L., Etter, N. M., & Neely, K. A. (2020). Sensory profiles in adults with and without ADHD. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103696

 

Miller, L. J. (2006). Sensational kids: Hope and help for children with sensory processing disorder (SPD). Penguin Books.

 

Lane, S. J., & Reynolds, S. (2019). Sensory over-responsivity as an added dimension in ADHD. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 13, 40. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2019.00040

 

Ogden, P., Minton, K., & Pain, C. (2006). Trauma and the body: A sensorimotor approach to psychotherapy. Norton.

 

Owen, J. P., Marco, E. J., Desai, S., Fourie, E., Harris, J., Hill, S. S., Arnett, A. B., & Mukherjee, P. (2013). Abnormal white matter microstructure in children with sensory processing disorders. Neuroimage: Clinical, 2, 844–853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2013.06.009

Spielman, R., Jenkins, W., & Lovett, M. (2020) Psychology (2nd ed.) OpenStax.

 

Quinn, P. O., & Madhoo, M. (2014). A review of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in women and girls: uncovering this hidden diagnosis. The primary care companion for CNS disorders, 16(3).

 

Reynolds, S., & Lane, S. J. (2008). Diagnostic validity of sensory over-responsivity: A review of the literature and case reports. Journal of Autism and

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Safren, S. A., Perlman, C. A., Sprich, S., Otto, M. W., & Wilens, T. E. (2002). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for ADHD in adults: An open trial. Journal of Attention Disorders, 5(4), 151-158.

 

Safren, S. A., Otto, M. W., Sprich, S., Winett, C., Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., & ... (2005). Cognitive behavioral therapy for ADHD in medication-treated adults with continued symptoms. Behavior Therapy, 36(4), 357-366.  

 

Skliarova, T., Pedersen, H., Holsbrekken, A., Pedersen, S. A., Mandal, A., De Las Cuevas, C., Havnen, A., Gråwe, R., & Lara-Cabrera, M. L. (2024). Psychoeducational group interventions for adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A scoping review of feasibility, acceptability, and outcome measures. BMC Psychiatry, 24(1), 463. 10.1186/s12888-024-05908-8

 

Waite, R. (2010), Women With ADHD: It Is an Explanation, Not the Excuse Du Jour. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 46: 182-196. https://doi-org.lib.pepperdine.edu/10.1111/j.1744-6163.2010.00254.x

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